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GEOGRAPHY

1. Climate
2. Landscape
3. Lands of Vologda Region
4. Subsoil assets
5.  Big rivers and lakes

1. Climate
 
Climate of oblast is moderate continental with long cold winters and relative short but warm summer. Climate is formed under the influence of Atlantic cyclones, winds from Africa and continental aerial blows. Frequent changes of aerial masses bring caprices of weather. It is especially variable during Atlantic cyclones. On the other hand, anticyclones bring enduring heat at summer and clear cold at winter.

Most low temperature — was registered at Velikiy Ustyug - 53° C. Normal temperature at winter is about -11 -14° C, at summer - +18 +20° C. Average rainfall - 650-800 mm per year.
  
2. Landscape
Territory is a hilly plain elevating 150-200 metre above the sea. Forests amount 72 % of the territory, swamps and scrubs - 11%, agriculture - 11% (800 thousand hectares of plough and 467 thousand hectares of hayfields and pastures).

National parks and other guarded nature objects amount 3 % of the territory - rich cranberry bogs, picturesque north landscapes, age-old forests.
 
3.  Lands of Vologda Region
Area, thousands hectares
Full Area 14453
populated localities 198
industry, transport, communication, energetics 142
agriculture 4533
guarded parks 139
a stock of lands 813
  
4.  Subsoil assets
 
Subsoil assets not enough explored. Today we knew about rock products - sand, clay, gravel, bitter-spar, flux buhr. There are large stores of turf and sapropel at the region.
 
5.  Big rivers and lakes
 
There are more then 4000 lakes (biggest - Kubenskoe, Onejskoe, Beloe, Voje) and 2000 rivers at the region that occupy 2,5 % all area. Biggest river - Sukhina, Kubena, Little North Dvina, Yug, Vitegra and Kovja. Rivers Sukhona and North Dvina debouches into White Sea and through the system of Volgo-Balt - into Baltic Sea and Caspian Sea.
There is a lot of fish at lakes and rivers - more then 60 species, such as sterlet, salmon and trout . Main roundfish species - bream, smelt, whitebait, dace, pike-perch, pike and bass. Stores of fish are about 40000 tons.

 
  
Rivers

length, km
Sukhons 560
Little North Dvina 72
Vologda 133
Yug 491
Mologa 450
Sheksna 450
Kubena 365
Vojega 138
  
Lakes

Area, km2

Max depth, metres
Onejskoe 9880 110
Beloe (White) 1290 6
Kubenskoe 470* 13
Voje 416 5
Ribinskoe cistern 4500* 26
* during year area may change